What is cybersecurity? A comparison of IT security and OT security

Cybersecurity is a far-reaching and complex concept that ensures the protection of information systems, networks and digital and physical infrastructures against various cyber threats. These threats include unauthorized access, data manipulation, sabotage or destruction. Cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important as digitalization is advancing in almost all areas of life and the economy. It is divided into two main areas: IT security and OT security, each addressing specific requirements and different security approaches to ensure protection in digital and physical systems.

 

IT security according to ISO 27001

IT security (information technology security) refers to the protection of information and digital systems, including networks, servers, databases, software and other IT infrastructures. The aim of IT security is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data so that only authorized persons can access information, data is not altered without authorization and information is always accessible when it is needed.

The international standard ISO 27001 defines a structured information security management system (ISMS) that helps organizations to identify risks in their IT systems, take appropriate security measures and continuously improve them. This standard ensures that companies develop a systematic approach to their security strategies that includes both organizational and technical measures. The most important areas of IT security include data protection, securing networks against attacks, encrypting data and regularly reviewing and updating security measures.

 

OT security according to IEC 62443

In contrast to IT security, OT security (Operational Technology Security) deals with the protection of industrial control systems (ICS) and other operational technologies used in areas such as production, energy supply, transportation infrastructure and other critical sectors. These systems are often connected to physical machines and processes and control the flow of production operations, the distribution of electricity or other essential infrastructure processes.

The IEC 62443 standard specifies security requirements for these industrial systems and helps to minimize the risks of cyberattacks that could lead to production downtime, system disruption or even physical damage. The focus of OT security is on the reliability, availability and failure protection of systems, as these are in many cases necessary for the operation of critical infrastructures. It is therefore not just about protecting against data loss, but also about safeguarding against threats that could impair the physical operation and safety of machines, systems and devices. In addition, so-called “legacy systems” are often used in this area, which are more difficult to secure and often do not have the modern security mechanisms of IT systems.

 

Synergy between IT and OT security

Although IT security and OT security cover different areas, they are increasingly interconnected as digitalization and networking progress. Many industrial systems are now connected to IT networks, which poses new security risks and challenges. Hacker attacks targeting both areas can have far-reaching consequences - from data loss to damage to physical infrastructure.

The two disciplines complement each other and together offer holistic protection for modern companies and infrastructures. While IT security primarily ensures the protection of data and digital information, OT security takes care of the protection of physical production processes and critical infrastructures. Both areas are therefore essential in order to keep organizations and companies running securely and efficiently.

Thanks to the close integration of IT and OT, companies are able to secure both digital and physical attack surfaces, guarantee the availability and integrity of their systems and minimize downtime risks. This creates a comprehensive security network that protects both the digital and the physical world.